General Suffrage | Arizona | California | Colorado | Hawaii | Idaho
Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Mexico | Oklahoma | Oregon
South Dakota | Texas | Utah | Washington | Wyoming

Suffrage in the American West:

Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper, eds., The History of Woman Suffrage. Rochester: Susan B. Anthony, 1902. (Chapters on western states).

Beverly Beeton and G. Thomas Edwards, "Susan B. Anthony’s Woman Suffrage Crusade in the American West," Journal of the West 21, no. 2 (1982): 5-15.

Beverly Beeton, Women Vote in the West: the Woman Suffrage Movement 1869-1896. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1986.

Sherilyn Cox Bennion, Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth-Century West (Reno, University of Nevada Press, 1990.

Elisabeth S. Clemens, "Politics Without Party: The Organizational Accomplishments of Disenfranchised Women," Ch. 6 in The People’s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Abigail Scott Duniway, Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in Pacific Coast States (Portland, 1914, reprinted, New York: Source Book Press, 1970).

Elizabeth Frost and Kathryn Cullen-DuPont, Women’s Suffrage in America: An Eyewitness History. New York: Facts on File, 1992.

Amelia Fry, "Along the suffrage Trail: From West to East for FREEDOM NOW" American West 6, no.1 (January, 1969): 16-25.

Ida Husted Harper, ed., The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1922. (Chapters on western states).

T. A. Larson, "Dolls, Vassals, and Drudge — Pioneer Women in the West," Western Historical Quarterly 3, no. 1 (1972): 4-16.

---------------, "Woman Suffrage in Western America," Utah Historical Quarterly 38, no. 1 (1970): 7-19.

Ronald W. Saber, "Sacajawea and the Suffragettes: An Interpretation of a Myth," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 58, no. 1 (1967): 7-13.

Lynn Sherr and Jurate Kazickas, Susan B. Anthony Slept Here: A Guide to American Women’s Landmarks. New York: Times Books, Random House, 1976, 1994.

Quintard Taylor, In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998.

Marjorie Spruill Wheeler, ed., One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman Suffrage Movement. Troutdale, Oregon: New Sage Press, 1995.

Richard White, "It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Arizona Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

David Berman, "Male Support for Woman Suffrage: An Analysis of Voting Patterns in the Mountain West," Social Science History 11, no. 3 (1987): 281-294.

Meredith A. Snapp, "Defeat the Democrats: The Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in Arizona, 1914-1916," Journal of the West 14, no. 4 (1975): 131-139.

Primary Sources:

U.S. Senator Carl Hayden’s Papers, Department of Archives and Manuscripts, Arizona State University Library (ASUL).

Governor George W.P. Hunt’s Papers, (ASUL).

History & Archives Division, Arizona Department of Library, Archives & Public Records, Phoenix, Arizona.

California Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Jane Apostol, "Miss Emily Foy: ‘Miss Los Angeles Herself,’" Southern California Quarterly 78, no. 2 (1996): 109-138.

---, "Why Women Should Not Have the Vote: Anti-Suffrage Views in the Southland in 1911," Southern California Quarterly 70, no. 1 (1988): 29-42.

Robert J. Chandler, "In the Van: Spiritualists as Catalysts for the California Women’s Suffrage Movement," California History 73, no. 3 (1994): 188-201.

Elisabeth S. Clemens, "Politics Without Party: The Organizational Accomplishments of Disenfranchised Women," Ch. 6 in The People’s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Donald G. Cooper, "The California Suffrage Campaign of 1896: Its Origin, Strategies, Defeat," Southern California Quarterly 71, no. 4 (1989): 311-325.

Susan Englander, Class Conflict and Class Coalition in the California Woman suffrage Movement, 1907-1912: The San Francisco Wage Earners’ Suffrage League. Lewiston: Mellen, 1992.

Sherry Katz, "Frances Nacke Noel and ‘Sister Movements’: Socialism, Feminism, and Trade Unionism in Los Angeles, 1909-1916," California History 67, no. 3 (1988): 180-189.

---, "A Politics of Coalition: Socialist Women and the California Suffrage Movement, 1900-1901," in One Woman One Vote, ed. Marjorie Spruill Wheeler. Troutdale, Oregon: New Sage Press, 1995: 245-262.

Marilyn Kneeland, "The Modern Boston Tea Party: The San Diego Suffrage Campaign of 1911," Journal of San Diego History 23, no. 4 (1977): 35-42. (awaiting from ILL)

Valerie Sherer Mathes, "Annie E. K. Bidwell: Chico’s Benefactress," California History 68, no. 1-2 (1989): 14-25.

Lisa Rubens, "The Patrician Radical: Charlotte Anita Whitney," California History 65, no. 3 (1986): 158-171.

Ronald Schaffer, "The Problem of Consciousness in the Woman Suffrage Movement: A California Perspective," Pacific Historical Review 45, no. 4 (1976): 469-494.

Judy Yung, Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

Primary Sources:

Oakland History Room, Oakland Public Library, files and clippings of Charlotte Anita Whitney.

Clipping file on Charlotte Anita Whitney, CC Young Manuscript Collection, California State Archives, Sacramento.

Katherine Philips Edson Papers, Special Collections No. 235, UCLA Library, Los Angeles.

Annie K. Bidwell papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

Mary Emily Foy Collection and Foy Family Collection, Huntington Library.

Mary Keith papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

Frances Nacke Noel Papers, Special Collections, University Research Library, UCLA.

Frances Nacke Noel Papers held privately by Knox Mellon.

Alice Park Papers, Huntington Library.

The Yellow Ribbon.

Secondary Sources:

Beverly Beeton, "Equal Suffrage in Colorado," Chapter 6, Women Vote in the West: the Woman Suffrage Movement 1869-1896. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1986.

Sherilyn Cox Bennion, "The Queen Bee and Other Characters," Chapter 7, Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth-Century West (Reno, University of Nevada Press, 1990.

William B. Faherty, "Regional Minorities and the Woman Suffrage Struggle," Colorado Magazine 32, no. 3 (1956): 212-217.

Rebecca A. Hunt and Marcia T. Goldstein, "From Suffrage to Centennial: A Research Guide to Colorado and National Women’s Suffrage Sources," Colorado Heritage (Spring 1993): 40-48.

Marcia T. Goldstein and Rosemary Fetter, "Let The Women Vote! Colorado Suffrage Centennial, 1893-1993," Colorado Committee for Women’s History, 1993.

Billie Barnes Jensen, "Colorado Woman Suffrage Campaigns of the 1870’s," Journal of the West 12, no. 2 (1973): 254-271.

------------------------, "Let the Women Vote," Colorado Magazine 41, no. 1 (1964): 13-26.

Stephen J. Leonard, "’Bristling for Their Rights’: Colorado’s Women and the Mandate of 1893," Colorado Heritage (Spring 1993): 7-13.

Susan M. Marilley, "An Exceptional Victory: The Colorado Campaign of 1893," Ch. 5, Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820-1920 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).

John R. Morris, "The Women and Governor Waite," Colorado Magazine (Winter, 1967).

Dolores Plested, "Amazing Minnie: A Nineteenth Century Woman of Today," Colorado Heritage (1984): 18-27.

Carolyn Stefanco, "Networking on the Frontier: The Colorado Woman’s Suffrage Movement, 1876-1893," in the Women’s West, eds. Susan Armitage and Elizabeth Jameson. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987: 265-276.

--------------------, "Harvest of Discontent: The Depression of 1893 and the Women’s Vote," Colorado Heritage (Spring 1993): 16-21.

Primary Sources:

The Antelope, microfilm, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, Colorado (CHS).

Joseph E. Brown, History of Equal Suffrage in Colorado (Denver: News Job Printing, 1898).

Colorado Woman Suffrage Association, Collection 1247, CHS.

Caroline Nichols Churchill, Active Footsteps (Colorado Springs, 1909).

Martha Conine Scrapbooks, Denver Public Library, Western History Department (DPLWHD).

Ellis Meredith Papers, Collection 427, CHS.

The Queen Bee, microfilm, CHS.

Women’s Suffrage Clippings File, (DPLWHD).

Resources:

"Let The Women Vote!: The Women’s Suffrage Centennial in Colorado" Traveling Exhibit, available from Colorado Coalition for Women’s History, P. O. Box 673, Denver, Colorado 80206. Companion "Colorado Suffrage Education Packet" also available.

From Bloomers to Ballots, Colorado suffrage documentary video, Rocky Mountain Public Broadcasting System, Denver, Colorado, 1995.

Hawaii Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Sherilyn Cox Bennion, Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth-Century West (Reno, University of Nevada Press, 1990.

Helena G. Allen, The Betrayal of Liliuokalani, Last Queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 (Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, 1982).

Paul Jacobs and Saul Landau, "The Hawaiians," in To Serve The Devil, Colonials and Sojourners, Vol. II (New York: Vintage Books, 1971.

Other Resources:

Hawai’i Women’s Heritage Project Website, University of Hawai’i at Manoa.

Liliuoklani, Hawaii’s Last Queen, documentary video, The American Experience Series, Public Broadcasting System.

Idaho Suffrage:

Beverly Beeton, "The Suffrage Idea in Idaho," chapt. 7 in Women Vote in the West: The Woman Suffrage Movement 1869-1986. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc, 1986.

Alan P. Grimes, The Puritan Ethic and Woman Suffrage. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967 (considered out of date).

T.A. Larson, "Idaho’s Role in America’s Woman Suffrage Crusade," Idaho Yesterdays 18, no. 1 (1974): 2-15.

--------------, "Woman’s Rights in Idaho," Idaho Yesterdays 16, no. 1 (1972): 2-15, 18-19.

Rosemary Wimberly, "’The Ballot in the Hands of a Good Woman:’ Margaret S. Roberts, Municipal Housekeeping , and Idaho Partisan Politics, 1890-1952," Idaho Yesterdays 41, no. 3 (1997): 10-19.

Primary Sources:

Boise Equal Suffrage Association, Idaho State Historical Society, Boise, Idaho.

Emma Smith DeVoe Papers, Washington State Library, Olympia.

Idaho Equal Suffrage Association Papers, Idaho Historical Society, Boise, Idaho.

The New Northwest

WCTU Papers, Idaho Historical Society, Boise, Idaho.

Kansas Suffrage:

Thomas R. Burkholder, "The Farmer’s Wife, 1891-1894: Raising a Prairie Consciousness," Ch. 9, in Martha M. Solomon, ed., A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991).

Michael L. Goldberg, "Non-Partisan and All-partisan: Rethinking Woman Suffrage and Party Politics in Gilded Age Kansas," Western Historical Quarterly 25, no. 1 (1994): 21-44.

Jeanne McKenna, "With the Help of God and Lucy Stone," Kansas Historical Quarterly 36, no. 1 (1970): 13-26.

Wilda Smith, "A Half Century of Struggle: Gaining Woman Suffrage in Kansas," Kansas History 4, no. 2 (1981): 74-95.

Primary and Visual Sources:

"American Woman and Her Political Peers," painting, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas (KSHS).

Banners, political cartoons, button, ribbons, and pens, (KSHS).

Kansas Equal Suffrage Association Papers, (KSHS).

Anna Margaret Watson Papers, (KSHS).

Woman Suffrage History Collection, 1867-1911, (KSHS).

Montana Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Roger D. Hardaway, "Jeannette Rankin: the Early Years," North Dakota Quarterly 48, no. 1 (1980): 62-68.

T.A. Larson, "Montana Women and the Battle for the Ballot," Montana the Magazine of Western History 23 (1973): 24-41.

Ronald Schaffer, "The Montana Woman Suffrage Campaign: 1911-14," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 55, no. 1 (1964): 9-15.

Leslie Wheeler, "Woman Suffrage’s Gray-Bearded Champion Comes to Montana, 1889," Montana the Magazine of Western History 31, no. 3 (1981): 2-13.

Belle Fligelman Winestine, "Mother Was Shocked," Montana the Magazine of Western History 24, no. 3 (1974): 70-78.

Primary Sources and Visuals:

Alderson Family Collection, Collection 891, Special Collections, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.

Montana Equal Suffrage Association, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of Cailfornia at Los Angeles.

Montana Equal Suffrage Association, Montana Historical Society, Helena (MHS)

Jeanette Rankin Papers, (MHS).

Nebraska Suffrage:

Laura McKee Hickman, "Thou Shalt Not Vote: Anti-Suffrage in Nebraska, 1914-1920," Nebraska History (Summer 1999): 55-65.

E. Claire Jerry, "Clara Bewick Colby and the Woman’s Tribune, 1883-1909," Ch. 7, in Martha M. Solomon, ed., A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991).

Frederick C. Luebke, "The German-American Alliance in Nebraska, 1910-1917," Nebraska History 49, no. 2 (1968): 165-185.

James E. Potter, "Barkley vs. Pool: Woman Suffrage and the Nebraska Referendum Law," Nebraska History 69, no. 1 (1988): 11-18.

Ann L. Wiegman Wilhite, "Sixty-five Years till Victory: a History of Woman Suffrage in Nebraska," Nebraska History 49, no. 2 (1968): 149-163.

Primary Sources:

Clara Colby Papers, State Archives, Nebraska Historical Society, Lincoln, Nebraska (NHS).

Laura Correll Papers, (NHS).

Records of the Nebraska Woman Suffrage Association, MS 1073, (NHS)

Records of the Nebraska Secretary of State, RG 2, (NHS)

Nevada Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Anderson, Kathryn, "Anne Martin," Organization of American Historians Newsletter 17, no. 2 (1989): 10, 19.

----------------------, "Anne Martin and the Dream of Political Equality for Women," Journal of the West 27, no. 2 (1988): 28-34.

Jean Ford and James Hulse, "The First Battle for Woman Suffrage in Nevada: 1869-1871–Correcting and Expanding the Record," Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 38, no. 3 (1995): 174-188.

Anne Bail Howard, The Long Campaign: A Biography of Anne Martin. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1985.

Jill M. Winter, "Woman Suffrage in Nevada During the Progressive Era," OAH Newsletter 16, no. 1 (1988): 8, 18.

Primary Sources:

Governor Emmet Derby Boyle Papers, Nevada State Library and Archives, Carson City, Nevada..

New Mexico Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Richard Griswold del Castillo, La Familia: The Mexican American Family in the Urban Southwest. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984.

Joan M. Jensen, "’Disfranchisement is a Disgrace’: Women and Politics in New Mexico, 1900-1940," in New Mexico Women: Intercultural Perspectives, edited by Joan M. Jensen and Darlis A. Miller. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986: 301-331.

Primary Sources:

Miscellaneous Records, Political Issues, State Records and Archives, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Secundino Romero Papers, Special Collections, University of New Mexico Library, Albuquerque.

National Woman’s Party Papers, Library of Congress.

New Mexico Federation of Women’s Clubs Papers, located across the state, many in clubhouses, the Women’s Improvement Association and Progress Club Records at the Rio Grande Historical Collections, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM.

North Dakota Suffrage:

Primary Sources (primarily correspondence except the women’s suffragette collection)

Papers of the Grand Forks Votes for Women Club, Orin G. Libby Manuscript Collections, Special Collections, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.

Anna Kirk Papers, Orin G. Libby Manuscript Collections, Special Collections, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.

Leissman papers, 1909-1961, Historical Society of North Dakota, Bismarck, North Dakota.

Photos and postcard depictions, Special Collections, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.

Slaughter Papers, 1871-1906, Historical Society of North Dakota, Bismarck, North Dakota.

Women’s Suffragette Movement Collections, Orin G. Libby Manuscript Collections, Special Collections, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.

Oklahoma Suffrage:

Louise Boyd James, "Alice Mary Robertson–Anti-Feminist Congresswoman," Chronicles of Oklahoma 55, no. 4 (1977/1978): 454-461.

-----------------------, "The Woman Suffrage Issue in the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention," Chronicles of Oklahoma 56, no. 4 (1978/1979): 379-392.

-----------------------, "Woman’s Suffrage, Oklahoma Style, 1890-1918," in Women in Oklahoma: A Century of Change, ed. Melvena Thurman. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1982: 183-196.

James R. Wright, Jr., "The Assiduous Wedge: Woman Suffrage and the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention," Chronicles of Oklahoma 51, no. 4 (1973/1974): 421-443.

Primary Sources:

Alice Robertson Papers, Grant Foreman Collection, Indian Archives, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Oregon Suffrage:

Secondary Sources:

Jan C. Dawson, "Sacagawea: Pilot or Pioneer Mother?" Pacific Northwest Quarterly 83, no. 1 (1992): 22-28.(not much on Oregon movement but talks about Dye)

G. Thomas Edward, Sowing Good Seeds: The Northwest Suffrage Campaigns of Susan B. Anthony (Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1990).

Sandra Haarsager, Organized Womanhood: Cultural Politics in the Pacific Northwest, 1840-1920 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997).

Lauren Kessler, "The Ideas of Woman Suffrage and the Mainstream Press," Journalism Quarterly 57, no. 4 (1980): 597-605.

-----------------------, "The Ideas of Woman Suffrage and the Mainstream Press," Oregon Historical Quarterly 84, no. 3 (1983): 257-275.

-----------------------, "A Siege of the Citadels," Oregon Historical Quarterly 84, no. 2 (1983): 116-149.

Ruth Barnes Moynihan, "Of Women’s Rights and Freedom: Abigail Scott Duniway," in Women in Pacific Northwest History, ed. Karen J. Blair. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988: 9-24.

----------------------------. Rebel for Rights: Abigail Scott Duniway. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

Lee Nash, "Abigail versus Harvey: Sibling Rivalry in the Oregon Campaign for Woman Suffrage," Oregon Historical Quarterly 98, no. 2 (1997): 134-163.

Stella E. Pearce, "Suffrage in the Pacific Northwest," Washington Historical Quarterly 3, 2 (April 1912): 106-114.

Elinor Richey, "The Unsinkable Abigail," American Heritage 26, no. 2 (1975): 72-75, 86-89.

Kimberly Swanson, "Eva Emery Dye and the Romance of Oregon History," Pacific Historian 29, no. 4 (1985): 59-68.

Primary Sources:

Abigail Scott Duniway, Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in Pacific Coast States (Portland, 1914, reprinted, New York: Source Book Press, 1970).

Duniway Family Records, Coll. 232 Series B, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon, Eugene.

Duniway Publishing Company Papers, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

Eva Emery Dye Papers, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

The New Northwest

Oregon State Equal Suffrage Records, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

Bethenia Owens-Adair Papers, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

Photos of Abigail Scott Duniway voting in 1912, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

Yamhill County Woman Suffrage Association, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

South Dakota Suffrage:

Patricia O’Keefe Easton, "Woman Suffrage in South Dakota: The Final Decade, 1911-1920," South Dakota History 13, no. 3 (1983): 206-226.

Mary Kay Jennings, "Lake County Woman Suffrage Campaign in 1890," South Dakota History 5, no. 4 (1975): 390-409.

Dennis A. Norlin, "The Suffrage Movement and South Dakota Churches: Radicals and the Status Quo, 1890," South Dakota History 14, no. 4 (1984): 308-334.

Dorinda Riessen Reed. The Woman Suffrage Movement in South Dakota. Second ed. Pierre: Committee on the Status of Women, 1976. (awaiting for ILL to send)

Cecilia M. Wittmayer, "The 1889-1890 Woman Suffrage Campaign: A Need to Organize," South Dakota History 11, no. 3 (1981): 199-225.

Primary Sources:

Jane Rooker Breeden Papers, South Dakota State Archives, Pierre, South Dakota.

Matilda Gage Papers, South Dakota State Archives, Pierre, South Dakota.

General Federation of Women’s Clubs of South Dakota Records, Pierre, South Dakota.

Pickler Family Papers, South Dakota State Archives, Pierre, South Dakota.

Mamie Shields Pyle Papers 1911-1919, University of South Dakota Special Collections, Vermillion, South Dakota.

Woman Suffrage Movement Papers, South Dakota State Archives, Pierre, South Dakota.

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Records, South Dakota State Archives, Pierre, South Dakota.

Texas Suffrage:

John Eudy, "The Vote and Lone Star Women," East Texas Historical Journal 14 (Fall 1976): 52-59.

Janelle D. Scott, "Local Leadership in the Woman Suffrage Movement: Houston’s Campaign for the Vote 1917-1918," Houston Review 12, no. 1 (1990): 3-22.

Judith N. McArthur, "Minnie Fisher Cunningham’s Back Door Lobby in Texas: Political Maneuvering in a One-Party State," in One Woman One Vote, ed. Marjorie Spruill Wheeler. Troutdale, Oregon: New Sages Press, 1995: 315-332.

Elizabeth A. Taylor, Citizens at Last: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas. Austin: Temple, 1987.

Larry Wygant, " ‘A Municipal Broom’: The Woman Suffrage Campaign in Galveston, Texas," Houston Review 6 (1984): 117-134.

Primary Sources:

Broadsides Collection, Texas State Archives, Austin, Texas.

Minnie Fisher Cunningham Papers, Houston Public Library, Houston, Texas.

Erminia Thompson Folsom Papers, Texas State Archives, Austin, Texas.

Jane Y. McCallum, A Texas Suffragist: Diaries and Writings of Jane Y. McCallum. Austin: Ellen C. Temple, 1988.

Jane Y. McCallum Papers, Austin Public Library, Austin, Texas.

Jane Y. McCallum Papers, Center for American History, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.

Percy V. Pennybacker, Center for American History, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.

Utah Suffrage:

Beverly Beeton, "The Hayes Administration and the Woman Question," Hayes Historical Journal 2, no. 2 (1978): 52-56.

------------------, chapt. 2-5 in Women Vote in the West: The Woman Suffrage Movement 1869-1896. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1986.

Sarah Barringer Gordon, "’The Liberty of Self-Degradation’: Polygamy, Woman Suffrage, and Consent in Nineteenth Century America," Journal of American History 83, no. 3 (1996): 815-847.

Alan P. Grimes. The Puritan Ethic and Woman Suffrage. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. (considered out of date)

Paul M. Holsinger, "Henry M. Teller and the Edmunds-Tucker Act," Colorado Magazine 48, no. 1 (1971): 1-14.

Jill C. Mulvay, "The Liberal Shall Be Blessed: Sarah M. Kimball," Utah Historical Quarterly 44, no. 3 (1976): 205-221.

Joan Smyth Iversen, "A Debate on the American Home: The Antipolygamy Controversy, 1880-1890," Journal of the History of Sexuality 1, no. 4 (1991): 585-602.

Carol Cornwall Madsen, ed. Battle for the Ballot: Essays on Woman Suffrage in Utah 1870-1896. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1997.

Tarla Rai Peterson, "The Woman’s Exponent, 1872-1914: Champion for "The Rights of the Women of Zion, and the Rights of the Women of All Nations," Ch. 10 in Martha M. Solomon, ed., A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991).

Primary Sources:

Church Archives, Historical Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Susa Young Gates, "The History of Woman Suffrage in Utah, 1900-1920," first published as "Utah" Ch. 43, in Ida Husted Harper, ed., The History of Woman Suffrage, vol. 6 (New York: National American woman Suffrage Association, 1922). Reprinted in Carol Cornwall Madsen, ed. Battle for the Ballot: Essays on Woman Suffrage in Utah 1870-1896. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1997.

Emmeline B. Wells, "The History of Woman Suffrage in Utah, 1870-1900," first published as "Utah" Ch. 66 in Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper, eds., The History of Woman Suffrage, vol. 4 (Rochester: Susan B. Anthony, 1902). Reprinted in Carol Cornwall Madsen, ed. Battle for the Ballot: Essays on Woman Suffrage in Utah 1870-1896. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1997.

Other Resources:

"Let The Women Vote!," documentary video on Utah and Rocky Mountain suffrage, KUED and Louise Degn, 1997, Public Broadcasting System, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Washington Suffrage:

Nelson A. Ault, "The Earnest Ladies: The Walla Walla Woman’s Club and the Equal Suffrage League of 1886-1889," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April 1951): 123-137.

Elisabeth S. Clemens, "Politics Without Party: The Organizational Accomplishments of Disenfranchised Women," Ch. 6 in The People’s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

G. Thomas Edwards, Sowing Good Seeds: The Northwest Suffrage Campaigns of Susan B. Anthony. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1990.

John Fahey, "The Nevada Bloomer Case," Columbia 2, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 42-45.

Sandra Haarsager, Organized Womanhood: Cultural Politics in the Pacific Northwest, 1840-1920 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997).

Pat Horner, "May Arwright Hutton: Her Life and Thought," Pacific Northwest Forum 3 (Spring-Summer 1978): 23-40.

-------------, "May Arkwright Hutton: Suffragist and Politician," in Women in Pacific Northwest History: An Anthology, ed. Karen J. Blair. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.

Claudius O. Johnson, "George Turner of Supreme Court of Washington Territory," Oregon Historical Quarterly 44, no. 4: 370-385.

T.A. Larson, "The Woman Suffrage Movement in Washington," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 67, no. 2 (April 1976): 49-62.

James W. Montgomery, Liberated Woman: A Life of May Arkwright Hutton. Spokane: Gingko Publishers, 1974.

Ruth Barnes Moynihan, "Of Women’s Rights and Freedom: Abigail Scott Duniway," in Women in Pacific Northwest History: An Anthology, ed. Karen J. Blair. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988: 9-24.

----------------------------. Rebel for Rights: Abigail Scott Duniway. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

Stella E. Pearce, "Suffrage in the Pacific Northwest," Washington Historical Quarterly 3, 2 (April 1912): 106-114.

Quintard Taylor, The Forging of a Black Community: Seattle’s Central District from 1870 Through the Civil Rights Era. Seattle: Universixsty of Washington Press, 1994.

Primary Sources:

Emma Smith DeVoe Papers, Washington State Library, Olympia, Washington

Abigail Scott Duniway, Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in Pacific Coast States (Portland, 1914, reprinted, New York: Source Book Press, 1970).

Duniway Family Records, Coll. 232 Series B, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon, Eugene.

Duniway Publishing Company Papers, Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

May Arkwright Hutton Papers, Cheney Cowles, Spokane, Washington.

New Northwest

Wyoming Suffrage:

Beverly Beeton, "Equality in Wyoming," chapt. 1 in Women Vote in the West: the Woman Suffrage Movement 1869-1896. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1986.

Lynne Cheney, "It All Began in Wyoming," American Heritage 24, no. 3 (1973): 62-66, 97.

Sidney Howell Fleming, "Solving the Jigsaw Puzzle: One Suffrage Story at a Time," Annals of Wyoming 62, no. 1 (1990): 23-72.

Alan P. Grimes, The Puritan Ethic and Woman Suffrage. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967 (considered out of date).

T.A. Larson, "Emancipating the West’s Dolls, Vassals and Hopeless Drudges: The Origins of Woman Suffrage in the West," University of Wyoming Publications 37 (1971): 1-16.

------, "Petticoats at the Polls Woman Suffrage in Territorial Wyoming," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 44, no. 2 (April 1953): 74-79.

------, "Woman Suffrage in Western America," Utah Historical Quarterly 38, no. 1 (1970: 7-19.

------, "Woman Suffrage in Wyoming," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 56, no. 2 (1965): 57-66.

Michael A. Massie, "Reform is Where You Find It: The Roots of Woman Suffrage in Wyoming," Annals of Wyoming 62, no. 1 (1990): 2-21.

Virginia Scharff, "The Case for Domestic Feminism: Woman Suffrage in Wyoming," Annals of Wyoming 56, no. 2 (1984): 29-37.

Primary and Visual Sources:

Doll, G 1965.58.1, Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Grace Raymond Hebard Papers, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

Esther Morris’ docket book, Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne Wyoming.

Governors Papers, Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Painting of women at the polls, A 1958.48.1, Wyoming Archives, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Photographs of William H. Bright, Eliza Swain, Esther Morris, Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Records of Wyoming woman’s associations, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Ribbon of the National Suffrage Convention, G 1956.60.96, Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Henry Clay Waltz Papers, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.